4 title => 'charset cheat sheet',
7 "Reference sheet with all glyphs in common character encoding tables,",
8 "and an overview of Unicode ranges and UTF-8 bytes.",
11 charset codepage unicode ascii utf8 latin glyph character encoding
12 reference common overview table
14 stylesheet => [qw'light'],
15 data => [qw'charset-unicode.inc.pl charset-utf8.inc.pl'],
18 my @tablist = split m{/+}, $Request || 'default';
20 use List::Util qw( first pairmap pairfirst pairs );
23 <h1>Character encodings</h1>
27 if ($tablist[0] eq 'default') {
28 say "Overview of Unicode allocation and common latin code pages.";
29 say "Compare alternate charsets:";
32 say "Charset comparison:";
36 my ($title, $href, $selected) = @_;
38 $selected ? '<strong>%s</strong>' : '<a href="%2$s">%s</a>',
39 EscapeHTML($title), $href
45 join " ·\n", pairmap {
46 optionlink($b || ucfirst $a, "/charset/$a?compare", $a eq $Request);
58 norteur => 'North European',
71 use Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar;
72 my $glyphs = Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar->new;
76 # generate character table(s)
77 my $input = shift or return;
80 default => [qw( unicode+0-639 utf-8 iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 cp437 cp850 )],
81 uc => [qw( U+cols=32 unicode+0-4095 unicode+4096-6319 unicode+6320-8191 )],
82 us => [qw( cp437 cp863 gsm0338 AdobeStandardEncoding )],
83 ebcdic => [qw( cp37 cp500 cp1047 posix-bc cp1026 cp875 )],
84 iso => [map {"iso-8859-$_"} 1 .. 11, 13 .. 16],
85 dos => [qw( cp437 cp865 cp861 cp860 cp863 cp850 cp857 cp852 cp775
86 cp737 cp869 cp866 cp855 cp862 cp864 )],
87 aix => [qw( cp1006 )],
88 win => [qw( cp1252 cp1250 cp1254 cp1257 cp1258 cp1253 cp1251 cp1255 cp1256 cp874 )],
89 mac => [qw( MacRoman MacRomanian MacRumanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman MacTurkish MacIcelandic MacSami
90 MacGreek MacCyrillic MacHebrew MacArabic MacFarsi MacThai )],
93 westeur => [qw( iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 iso-8859-14 cp850 hp-roman8 nextstep MacRoman )],
94 centeur => [qw( iso-8859-2 iso-8859-16 cp1250 cp852 MacRomanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman )], # MacRumanian only for DB
95 turkish => [qw( iso-8859-9 iso-8859-3 cp1254 cp857 MacTurkish )],
96 norteur => [qw( baltic nordic )],
97 baltic => [qw( iso-8859-4 iso-8859-13 cp1257 cp775 )],
98 nordic => [qw( iso-8859-10 cp865 cp861 MacIcelandic MacSami )],
99 cyrillic => [qw( koi8-r koi8-u koi8-f iso-8859-5 cp1251 MacCyrillic cp866 cp855
100 U4 U2DE-2DF UA64-A69 U50-52 )], # MacUkrainian is broken
101 arabic => [qw( iso-8859-6 cp1256 MacArabic cp864 cp1006 MacFarsi
102 U6 U8A-8F+0-31+64 U75-77 )],
103 greek => [qw( iso-8859-7 cp1253 MacGreek cp737 cp869 U37-3F U1F )],
104 hebrew => [qw( iso-8859-8 cp1255 MacHebrew cp862 U59-5F )],
105 thai => [qw( iso-8859-11 cp874 MacThai )],
106 vietnamese => [qw( viscii cp1258 MacVietnamese )],
107 symbol => [qw( symbol dingbats MacDingbats AdobeZdingbat AdobeSymbol )],
122 if (my $follow = $ALIAS->{$input}) {
123 tabinput($_) for ref $follow ? @{$follow} : $follow;
127 state $visible = {}; # all present tables
128 my %row = (offset => 0, cols => 16);
129 my $params = $input =~ s/[+](.*)\z// ? $1 : undef;
131 if (not defined $params) {
133 'cp437' => ['cp850' => 0, 'ascii' => '0-31+128'], # ascii range overridden later
134 'gsm0338' => ['ascii' => '0-127'],
136 'iso-8859-2' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
137 'iso-8859-3' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'], #TODO: also apply to iso-8859-9
138 'iso-8859-4' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
139 'iso-8859-5' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
140 'iso-8859-6' => ['cp1256' => '128', 'iso-8859-1' => '160'],
141 'iso-8859-7' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
142 'iso-8859-8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
143 'iso-8859-9' => ['iso-8859-1' => '208-223+240'],
144 'iso-8859-10' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
145 'iso-8859-11' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
146 'iso-8859-13' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
147 'iso-8859-14' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
148 'iso-8859-15' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160-191'],
149 'iso-8859-16' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
150 'hp-roman8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
152 'cp1252' => ['iso-8859-1' => '128-159'],
153 'cp1250' => ['iso-8859-2' => '128-191', 'cp1252' => '128'],
154 'cp1254' => ['iso-8859-9' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128-159+208'],
155 'cp874' => ['iso-8859-11' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128'], # windows-874 actually cp1162
156 'cp1257' => ['iso-8859-13' => '128-159+255', 'cp1252' => '128'],
157 'cp1251' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
158 'cp1253' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
159 'cp1255' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128-223', 'cp1252' => '128'],
160 'cp1256' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
161 'cp1258' => ['cp1252' => '128-159+192'],
163 'cp850' => ['cp437' => '144'],
164 'cp860' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
165 'cp861' => ['cp865' => '128-175'],
166 'cp863' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
167 'cp865' => ['cp437' => '144-175'],
168 'cp852' => ['cp850' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'],
169 'cp857' => ['cp850' => '128-175+208-239', 'cp437' => '128'],
170 'cp775' => ['cp850' => '128'], # partial cp437
171 'cp866' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
172 'cp855' => ['cp437' => '128'],
173 'cp1006' => ['iso-8859-6' => '160', 'cp437' => '128'],
174 'cp737' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
175 'cp869' => ['cp437' => '128'],
176 'cp862' => ['cp437' => '128-159'],
177 'cp864' => ['MacArabic' => '128', 'iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'], #TODO: compare form variants
179 'koi8-u' => ['koi8-r' => '144-191'],
180 'koi8-f' => ['koi8-u' => '144-191'],
182 'MacRomanian' => ['MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
183 'MacRumanian' => ['MacRomanian' => '160-191+208-223', 'MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
184 'MacCroatian' => ['MacRoman' => '160'],
185 'MacCentralEurRoman' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
186 'MacIcelandic'=> ['MacRoman' => '160-175+208-239'],
187 'MacTurkish' => ['MacRoman' => '208-223'], # F5 is unassigned
188 'MacSami' => ['MacIcelandic' => '144-191+208-223+240', 'MacRoman' => '144'],
189 'MacGreek' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
190 'MacCyrillic' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
191 'MacHebrew' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128-143+160'], # partial ascii
192 'MacArabic' => ['iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp864' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128'], #TODO: multiple parents
193 'MacFarsi' => ['MacArabic' => '176-191', 'MacRoman' => '128'],
195 'cp37' => ['posix-bc' => '0'],
196 'posix-bc' => ['cp1047' => '64'],
197 'cp500' => ['cp37' => '64-95+176-191'],
198 'cp1047' => ['cp37' => '16-47+80-95+160-191'],
199 'cp1026' => ['cp37' => '64'],
200 'cp875' => ['cp37' => '48'],
204 my @parents = @{ $INHERIT->{$input} || [] };
206 if (my ($parent, $part) = pairfirst { defined $visible->{$a} } @parents) {
207 $row{parent} = $parent;
209 $params = 128 unless $visible->{$parent}
210 or ($input eq 'MacCroatian' and defined $visible->{MacRomanian});
212 elsif (defined $visible->{ascii}) {
213 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
214 $params = $parents[1] // 128;
215 $params = 128 if $params >= 128; # ascii offset at most
218 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
219 $params = $parents[1] if $parents[1] == 0; # apply ascii end
221 $visible->{$_} //= 0 for $row{parent} || ();
224 for my $param (split /[+]+/, $params // '') {
225 if ($param =~ m{ \A cols = (\d+) \z }x) {
228 elsif ($param =~ m{ \A (?<offset> \d+) (?: [-] (?<endpoint> \d+) )? \z }x) {
229 if (defined $row{endpoint}) {
230 # extend earlier range
231 my $skip = int(($row{endpoint} || $row{offset}) / $row{cols});
232 for ($skip + 1 .. ($+{offset} / $row{cols}) - 1) {
233 $row{skip}->{ $_ * $row{cols} - $row{offset} }++;
237 $row{offset} = $+{offset};
239 $row{endpoint} = $+{endpoint} || 0;
242 Alert("Unknown option <q>$param</q> for charset $input");
246 if ($input =~ /^U([0-9a-fA-F]+)(?:-([0-9a-fA-F]+))?/) {
247 my $start = hex($1) << ($2 ? 4 : 8);
248 my $end = $2 ? (hex($2) << 4) + $row{cols} - 1 : $start + 255;
249 $row{table} = join '', map { chr } $start .. $end;
250 utf8::upgrade($row{table}); # prevent latin1 output
251 $row{endpoint} = $end - $start;
252 $row{set} = sprintf 'Unicode block U+%02Xxx', $start >> 8;
253 $row{offset} = $start % 256;
255 elsif ($input eq 'U') {
256 $row{set} = 'Unicode planes';
257 $row{cell} = do 'charset-ucplanes.inc.pl'
258 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
259 $row{endpoint} = 1023 * $row{cell}->{colsize};
261 elsif ($row{set} = Encode::resolve_alias($input)) {
262 if ($row{set} eq 'Internal') {
263 $row{cell} = do 'charset-unicode.inc.pl'
264 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
266 $row{endpoint} ||= 8191;
267 $row{endpoint} *= $row{cell}->{colsize};
268 $row{startpoint} = $row{cell}->{colsize} * $row{offset};
270 $row{set} = 'Unicode ' . (
271 $row{startpoint} < 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x10000 ? 'BMP' :
272 $row{startpoint} >= 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x20000 ? 'SMP' :
276 elsif ($row{set} eq 'utf-8-strict') {
278 $row{cell} = do 'charset-utf8.inc.pl'
279 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
280 $row{endpoint} = 255;
283 $row{endpoint} ||= 255;
284 if ($row{set} eq 'MacHebrew' or $row{set} eq 'MacThai') {
285 # array of possibly multiple characters per code point
287 map { Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $_) } $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint}
291 # ~16x faster than decoding in loop;
292 # substr strings is twice as fast as splitting to an array
293 $row{table} = Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint});
295 $row{endpoint} -= $row{offset};
297 if ($row{set} eq 'cp437' and !$row{offset}) {
298 substr($row{table}, 237, 1) = pack 'U*', 0x3D5; # phi sign
299 substr($row{table}, 0, 32) = pack 'U*', map {hex} qw(
300 2007 263A 263B 2665 2666 2663 2660 2022
301 25D8 25CB 25D9 2642 2640 266A 266B 263C
302 25BA 25C4 2195 203C 00B6 00A7 25AC 21A8
303 2191 2193 2192 2190 221F 2194 25B2 25BC
307 $visible->{ascii} = # assume common base
308 $visible->{ $row{set} } = 1;
312 Alert("Encoding <q>$input</q> unknown");
315 push @request, \%row;
317 tabinput($_) for @tablist;
319 my $NOCHAR = chr 0xFFFD;
322 my ($info, $offset) = @_;
323 my $table = $info->{cell} or return;
324 my $def = $table->{$offset} or return;
325 my ($len, $class, $name, $title) = @{$def};
327 my $cols = $info->{cols};
328 my $colsize = $table->{colsize} || 1;
331 $name //= $len <= 2 ? 'res' : 'reserved';
333 if (my $part = $offset/$colsize % $cols) {
335 my $rest = $cols - $part; # remaining
336 $rest = $len if $len < $rest; #TODO: optimise
338 # continued on new row
339 my @next = ($len * $colsize, "$class joinu");
342 push @next, $name, $title;
347 # minority on next row
348 push @next, '"', $title || $name;
350 $table->{$offset + $colsize*$rest} //= \@next;
355 elsif (my $rows = int($len / $cols)) {
357 my $rowsize = $colsize * $cols;
358 if ($len -= $rows * $cols) {
359 # partial row remains
360 $table->{$offset + $rowsize * $rows} //= [$len*$colsize, "$class joinu", '', $title];
364 # coalesce multiple rows
366 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize}++;
370 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize} = 0;
373 $attr .= sprintf ' rowspan=%d', $rows;
377 $attr .= sprintf ' colspan=%d', $len unless $len == 1;
378 $attr .= $1 if $class and $class =~ s/( \w+="[^"]*")//;
379 $attr .= sprintf ' class="%s"', $class if $class;
380 $attr .= sprintf ' title="%s"', EscapeHTML($title) if $title;
381 return "<td$attr>$name";
384 for my $row (@request) {
385 my $cols = $row->{cols};
386 my $colsize = $row->{cell} && $row->{cell}->{colsize} || 1;
387 my $coldigits = ceil(log($colsize * $cols) / log(16)); # uniform length of hexadecimal header
388 my $rowdiv = 16 ** $coldigits; # row divide for column digits
389 $rowdiv = 1 if $rowdiv != $cols * $colsize; # divide only if all columns are matched
390 my $offset = $row->{startpoint} || 0;
392 printf '<div class="section"><table class="glyphs%s">', !$row->{cell} && ' charmap';
393 my $title = $row->{set};
394 $title .= " <aside>(over $_)</aside>"
395 for grep { $_ ne 'iso-8859-1' } $row->{parent} // ();
396 printf '<caption>%s</caption>', $title;
397 print '<col>' x ($cols + 1);
398 for my $section (qw{thead}) {
399 print "<$section><tr><th>", $rowdiv == 1 ? '+' : '↱';
400 printf '<th>%0*X', $coldigits, $_ * $colsize for 0 .. $cols - 1;
404 while ($offset < $row->{endpoint}) {
405 if ($row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
406 $offset += $cols * $colsize;
411 if (defined $row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
415 if (my $rowmod = $offset % $rowdiv) {
416 # offset in column units
417 printf '<small>+%X</small>', $rowmod;
421 printf '%X', ($offset + $row->{offset}) / $rowdiv;
426 print range_cell($row, $offset);
430 my $glyph = ref $row->{table} eq 'ARRAY' ? $row->{table}->[$offset] :
431 substr $row->{table}, $offset, 1;
432 if ($glyph eq $NOCHAR) {
437 if (exists $get{compare}) {
439 my $cp = $offset + $row->{offset};
440 printf '<td class="%s" title="%3$s">%2$s',
441 $cp == ord $glyph ? 'l4' :
442 $row->{parent} && $glyph eq
443 Encode::decode($row->{parent}, pack 'C', $cp) ? 'l3' :
444 $visible->{$glyph} ? 'l2' :
446 $glyphs->glyph_html($glyph);
447 $visible->{$glyph}++;
451 print "\n".$glyphs->glyph_cell($glyph);
458 say '</table></div>';
465 <table class="glyphs"><tr><: if (exists $get{compare}) { :>
466 <td class="X l4">unicode
467 <td class="X l3">inherited
468 <td class="X l2">existing
469 <td class="X l1">original
470 <td class="">unassigned
472 <td class="X Cc">control
473 <td class="X Zs"><span>whitespace</span>
474 <td class="X Mn">diacritic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
475 <td class="X Sk">letter
477 <td class="X Po">punctuation<table class="glyphs"><tr>
478 <td class="X Pf">quote
480 <td class="X So">symbol<table class="glyphs"><tr>
481 <td class="X Sm">math
482 <td class="X Sc">currency
484 <td class="X No">numeric
485 <td class="X Greek">greek<table class="glyphs"><tr>
486 <td class="X Latin">latin
487 <td class="X Cyrillic">cyrillic
489 <td class="X Aramaic">aramaic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
490 <td class="X Brahmic">brahmic
491 <td class="X Arabic">arabic
493 <td class="X Syllabic">syllabic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
494 <td class="X African">african
495 <td class="X Hiragana">japanese
496 <td class="X Han">cjk
497 <td class="X Bopomofo">chinese
499 <td class="X Alpha">alphabetic
502 <table class="glyphs"><tr>
503 <td class="X">unicode 7.0
504 <td class="X Xr">proposed
505 <td class="X Xd">deprecated
506 <td class="">unassigned
507 <td class="X Xi">invalid