terminal colour cheat sheet

Terminal colours

'; +if ("@termlist" eq 'default') { + say 'ANSI (VT100, ISO-6429) 16-colour text palette'; + say 'as implemented by various systems and programs.'; + say 'Also see 8-bit legacy hardware palettes.'; +} +elsif ("@termlist" eq 'legacy') { + say 'Colour palettes of various 8-bit legacy systems and retro games.'; + say 'Also see ANSI console palettes.'; +} +else { + say 'Comparison of requested colour palettes.'; +} +:> -

<: -sub luminance { - # perceived brightness (using ITU-R recommendation 601 luma co-efficients) - my ($r, $g, $b) = @_; - return $r*.299 + $g*.587 + $b*.114; -} +use Shiar_Sheet::Colour 1.04; +use List::Util qw( min max ); +use POSIX qw( ceil ); + +my $palettes = do 'termcol.inc.pl'; +die "Cannot open palette data: $_\n" for $@ || $! || (); sub colcell { - my $id = shift; - my @rgb = @_ >= 3 ? @_ : (map {hex} $_[0] =~ /(..)/g); - my $rgb24 = ''; - $rgb24 .= sprintf '%X', min($_ / 17 + .5, 15) for @rgb[0..2]; - my $rgb48 = ''; - $rgb48 .= sprintf '%02X', $_ for @rgb[0..2]; - my $inverse = sprintf('%X', luminance(@rgb)/255 < .3 ? 12 : 0) x 3; - return sprintf '%s%s%s'."\n", - "background:#$rgb48; color:#$inverse", - $id, - "background:#000; color:#$rgb48", - $rgb24, - "background:#FFF; color:#$rgb48", - $rgb24, + my $name = shift // return "\n"; + my $col = Shiar_Sheet::Colour->new(@_); + my $minhex = $col->rgb24; + my $css = '#' . $col->rgb48; + my $inverse = '#' . sprintf('%X', $col->luminance/255 < .3 ? 12 : 0) x 3; + + my $sample = [ qw(#000 #FFF) ]; + ($name, $sample) = @$name if ref $name eq 'ARRAY'; + + my $out = sprintf('%s', + join(',', map { int } @$col), + "background:$css; color:$inverse", + $name, + ); + $out .= sprintf('%s', + "background:$_; color:$css", $minhex + ) for @$sample; + return "$out\n"; } -my %col = ( - -name => [ - qw/black maroon green olive navy purple cyan silver - gray red lime yellow blue fuchsia aqua white/, - qw/reset bold dim italic underline blink fastblink - reverse hidden/, - ], - html => [ - qw/000000 CCCCCC/, - qw/000000 800000 008000 808000 000080 800080 008080 C0C0C0 - 808080 FF0000 00FF00 FFFF00 0000FF FF00FF 00FFFF FFFFFF/, - ], - cga => [ - qw/000000 CCCCCC/, - qw/000000 AA0000 00AA00 AA5500 0000AA AA00AA 00AAAA AAAAAA - 555555 FF5555 55FF55 FFFF55 5555FF FF55FF 55FFFF FFFFFF/, - ], - xterm => [ - qw/000000 CCCCCC/, - qw/000000 CC0000 00CC00 CCCC00 4682B4 CC00CC 00CCCC E5E5E5 - 4C4C4C FF0000 00FF00 FFFF00 1E90FF FF00FF 00FFFF FFFFFF/, - ], - tango => [ - qw/000000 CCCCCC/, - qw/2E3436 CC0000 4E9A06 C4A000 3465A4 75507B 06989A D3D7CF - 555753 EF2929 8AE234 FCE94F 729FCF AD7FA8 34E2E2 EEEEEC/, - ], -); - -for my $term (qw/html cga xterm tango/) { - print '

', "\n"; - print '', "\n"; - print "\n"; - for my $num (0 .. 15) { - my $rgb = $col{$term}[$num + 2]; - print '', - colcell($term eq 'html' ? $col{-name}[$num] : $num, $rgb, $col{$term}[0]); - } - print "

\n\n"; +sub img_egapal { + my ($palette, $imgfile, $reindex) = @_; + return eval { + require Imager; + require MIME::Base64; + + my @imgpal = map { Imager::Color->new(ref $_ ? @$_ : $_) } @{$palette}; + state $imgcache = {}; + my $img = $imgcache->{$imgfile} + //= Imager->new(file => "data/palimage/$imgfile") + or die Imager->errstr.$/; + + do { + if ($reindex) { + $img->to_paletted({ + make_colors => 'none', + colors => \@imgpal, + translate => 'closest', + }); + } + else { + @{[ $img->getcolors ]} == @imgpal + or die "incompatible palette size\n"; + $img->setcolors(colors => \@imgpal); + $img; + } + }->write(data => \my $imgdata, type => 'png'); + return sprintf '

', + MIME::Base64::encode_base64($imgdata); + } || $@; } -:>

88-colour space

-<: -for my $r (0 .. 3) { - print '

'; - for my $g (0 .. 3) { - print ''; - for my $b (0 .. 3) { - print colcell($r*4*4 + $g*4 + $b + 16, map {(0, 139, 205, 255)[$_]} $r, $g, $b); +sub coltable { + my ($term) = @_; + my $info = $palettes->{$term}; + + if (ref $info eq 'ARRAY') { + coltable($_) for @{$info}; + return; + } + + if (ref $info eq 'CODE') { + coltable($_) for $info->($palettes); + return; + } + + ref $info eq 'HASH' or return; + my $order = $get{order} && $get{order}.'order'; + my $reorder = $info->{$order} // $palettes->{ $info->{parent} }->{$order}; + + my $caption = $info->{name} // $term; + $caption = sprintf('<%s %s>%s', + $info->{href} ? 'a' : 'span', + join(' ', + map { sprintf '%s="%s"', $_, $info->{$_} } + grep { defined $info->{$_} } + qw( href title ) + ), + $caption, + ) if $info->{href} or $info->{title}; + + if ($info->{table} or $info->{rgbmap}) { + say '

'; + say sprintf '', $caption; + + print coltable_hsv(@{$_}) for $info->{rgbmap} || (); + + if (my $table = $info->{table}) { + $table = [ @{$table}[@{$reorder}] ] if $reorder; + + for my $row (@$table) { + if (!$row) { + say ''; + next; + } + print ''; + print colcell(ref $_ ? @$_ : $_ ? reverse split /:/ : undef) for @$row; + } + + if (@draw) { + my $width = scalar @{ $table->[0] }; + my @imgpal = map { + [ ref $_ ? @{$_}[1 .. 3] : map {hex} /(..)(..)(..)/ ] + } map { @{$_} } @{$table}; + for (@draw) { + print "

%s
", img_egapal(\@imgpal, @{$_}); + } + } + } + + say "

\n"; + } + + if (my $palette = $info->{list}) { + my $colours = colorder($palette, $reorder); + + my $rows = 8; + my $columns = ceil(@{$palette} / $rows); + + say ''; + say sprintf '', $caption; + for my $row (0 .. $rows - 1) { + print ''; + for my $col (0 .. $columns - 1) { + my $num = $row + $col * $rows; + my ($rgb, $name) = split /:/, $colours->[$num], 3; + $name //= $rgb && $num; + $name = [ $name, [] ] if $term =~ /^msx/ and !$name; # no bg for transparency + $name = [ $name, ['#333'] ] if $term eq 'xkcd'; + print colcell($name, $rgb); + } } + + for (@draw) { + my $imgpal = colorder($palette, + $info->{ansiorder} // $palettes->{ $info->{parent} }->{ansiorder} + ); + print "

%s
", img_egapal($imgpal, @{$_}); + } + say "

\n"; } - print "\n"; } -print "\n"; -print '

', map { colcell(80, ($_) x 3) } 46, 92, 115, 139, 162, 185, 208, 231; -print "

\n\n"; -:>

256-colour space

-<: -for my $r (0 .. 5) { - print '

'; - for my $g (0 .. 5) { - print ''; - for my $b (0 .. 5) { - print colcell($r*6*6 + $g*6 + $b + 16, map { $_ && $_*40 + 55 } $r, $g, $b); +sub coltable_hsv { + my ($dim, $rgbval, $greyramp) = @_; + + my $hmax = 2 * $dim * 3; # each face of the rgb cube + my $vmax = $dim - 1; + my $smax = $dim - 1; + $rgbval ||= sub { join('', @_), map { int $_ * 255 / $vmax } @_ }; + + my @greymap = @{$greyramp || []}; # [name, r, g=l, b] + my @colmap; # saturation => value => hue => [name, r,g,b] + + for my $r (0 .. $dim - 1) { + for my $g (0 .. $dim - 1) { + for my $b (0 .. $dim - 1) { + my @rgb = ($r, $g, $b); + + my ($h, $s, $v) = Shiar_Sheet::Colour->new(@rgb)->hsv; + + if (!$s) { + if (@greymap) { + push @greymap, [ $rgbval->(@rgb) ]; + next; + } + + $h = 1; # greyscale hue + $s = $smax - $v + 1; # spread brightness over saturation groups + $v &&= $smax # highest saturation + or $v = $s = 1; # black at initial column + } + + $h *= $hmax; + $v = $vmax - $v; + $s = $smax - $s - $v; + + $colmap[$s][$v][$h] = [ $rgbval->(@rgb) ]; + } } } - print "

\n"; + + my $out = ''; + $out .= sprintf '', scalar @{$_} for @colmap; + my $huerow = $colmap[0][0]; # first {$_} map { @{$_} } @colmap; + for my $h (grep { $huerow->[$_] } 0 .. $#{$huerow}) { + $out .= ''; + $out .= colcell(@$_) for map { $_->[$h] } map { reverse @{$_} } @colmap; + } + + if (@greymap) { + $out .= ''; + my $col = 0; + my $colbreak = scalar map { @$_ } @colmap; # same width as hue rows + for my $cell (sort { $a->[1] <=> $b->[1] || $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] } @greymap) { + $out .= '' unless $col++ % $colbreak; + $out .= colcell(@{$cell}); + } + } + + if (@draw) { + my @palette = map { [ @{$_}[1 .. 3] ] } @greymap, map {@$_} map {@$_} @colmap; + my $tablespan = scalar map { @$_ } @colmap; + my $imgdata = img_egapal(\@palette, @{ $draw[0] }); + $out .= "$imgdata"; + } + + return $out; } -print "\n"; -print '

', (map { colcell(232+$_, ($_*10 + 8) x 3) } $_ .. $_+11), "

\n" - for 0, 12; -print "\n"; -:>