4 title => 'charset cheat sheet',
7 "Reference sheet with all glyphs in common character encoding tables,",
8 "and an overview of Unicode ranges and UTF-8 bytes.",
11 charset codepage unicode ascii utf8 latin glyph character encoding
12 reference common overview table
14 stylesheet => [qw'light'],
15 data => [qw'charset-unicode.inc.pl charset-utf8.inc.pl'],
18 my @tablist = split m{/+}, $Request || 'default';
20 use List::Util qw( first pairmap pairfirst pairs );
23 <h1>Character encodings</h1>
27 if ($tablist[0] eq 'default') {
28 say "Overview of Unicode allocation and common latin code pages.";
29 say "Compare alternate charsets:";
32 say "Charset comparison:";
36 my ($title, $href, $selected) = @_;
38 $selected ? '<strong>%s</strong>' : '<a href="%2$s">%s</a>',
39 EscapeHTML($title), $href
45 join " ·\n", pairmap {
46 optionlink($b || ucfirst $a, "/charset/$a?compare", $a eq $Request);
58 norteur => 'North European',
71 use Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar;
72 my $glyphs = Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar->new;
76 # generate character table(s)
77 my $input = shift or return;
80 default => [qw( unicode+0-639 utf-8 iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 cp437 cp850 )],
81 uc => [qw( U++ unicode+0-4095 unicode+4096-6319 unicode+6320-8191 )],
82 us => [qw( cp437 cp863 gsm0338 AdobeStandardEncoding )],
83 ebcdic => [qw( cp37 cp500 cp1047 posix-bc cp1026 cp875 )],
84 iso => [map {"iso-8859-$_"} 1 .. 11, 13 .. 16],
85 dos => [qw( cp437 cp865 cp861 cp860 cp863 cp850 cp857 cp852 cp775
86 cp737 cp869 cp866 cp855 cp862 cp864 )],
87 aix => [qw( cp1006 )],
88 win => [qw( cp1252 cp1250 cp1254 cp1257 cp1258 cp1253 cp1251 cp1255 cp1256 cp874 )],
89 mac => [qw( MacRoman MacRomanian MacRumanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman MacTurkish MacIcelandic MacSami
90 MacGreek MacCyrillic MacHebrew MacArabic MacFarsi MacThai )],
93 westeur => [qw( iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 iso-8859-14 cp850 hp-roman8 nextstep MacRoman )],
94 centeur => [qw( iso-8859-2 iso-8859-16 cp1250 cp852 MacRomanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman )], # MacRumanian only for DB
95 turkish => [qw( iso-8859-9 iso-8859-3 cp1254 cp857 MacTurkish )],
96 norteur => [qw( baltic nordic )],
97 baltic => [qw( iso-8859-4 iso-8859-13 cp1257 cp775 )],
98 nordic => [qw( iso-8859-10 cp865 cp861 MacIcelandic MacSami )],
99 cyrillic => [qw( koi8-r koi8-u koi8-f iso-8859-5 cp1251 MacCyrillic cp866 cp855
100 U4 U2DE-2DF UA64-A69 U50-52 )], # MacUkrainian is broken
101 arabic => [qw( iso-8859-6 cp1256 MacArabic cp864 cp1006 MacFarsi
102 U6 U8A-8F+0-31+64 U75-77 )],
103 greek => [qw( iso-8859-7 cp1253 MacGreek cp737 cp869 U37-3F U1F )],
104 hebrew => [qw( iso-8859-8 cp1255 MacHebrew cp862 U59-5F )],
105 thai => [qw( iso-8859-11 cp874 MacThai )],
106 vietnamese => [qw( viscii cp1258 MacVietnamese )],
107 symbol => [qw( symbol dingbats MacDingbats AdobeZdingbat AdobeSymbol )],
122 if (my $follow = $ALIAS->{$input}) {
123 tabinput($_) for ref $follow ? @{$follow} : $follow;
127 state $visible = {}; # all present tables
128 my %row = (offset => 0, cols => 16);
129 my $params = $input =~ s/[+](.*)\z// ? $1 : undef;
131 if (not defined $params) {
133 'cp437' => ['cp850' => 0, 'ascii' => '0-31+128'], # ascii range overridden later
134 'gsm0338' => ['ascii' => '0-127'],
136 'iso-8859-2' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
137 'iso-8859-3' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'], #TODO: also apply to iso-8859-9
138 'iso-8859-4' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
139 'iso-8859-5' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
140 'iso-8859-6' => ['cp1256' => '128', 'iso-8859-1' => '160'],
141 'iso-8859-7' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
142 'iso-8859-8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
143 'iso-8859-9' => ['iso-8859-1' => '208-223+240'],
144 'iso-8859-10' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
145 'iso-8859-11' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
146 'iso-8859-13' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
147 'iso-8859-14' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
148 'iso-8859-15' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160-191'],
149 'iso-8859-16' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
150 'hp-roman8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
152 'cp1252' => ['iso-8859-1' => '128-159'],
153 'cp1250' => ['iso-8859-2' => '128-191', 'cp1252' => '128'],
154 'cp1254' => ['iso-8859-9' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128-159+208'],
155 'cp874' => ['iso-8859-11' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128'], # windows-874 actually cp1162
156 'cp1257' => ['iso-8859-13' => '128-159+255', 'cp1252' => '128'],
157 'cp1251' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
158 'cp1253' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
159 'cp1255' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128-223', 'cp1252' => '128'],
160 'cp1256' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
161 'cp1258' => ['cp1252' => '128-159+192'],
163 'cp850' => ['cp437' => '144'],
164 'cp860' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
165 'cp861' => ['cp865' => '128-175'],
166 'cp863' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
167 'cp865' => ['cp437' => '144-175'],
168 'cp852' => ['cp850' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'],
169 'cp857' => ['cp850' => '128-175+208-239', 'cp437' => '128'],
170 'cp775' => ['cp850' => '128'], # partial cp437
171 'cp866' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
172 'cp855' => ['cp437' => '128'],
173 'cp1006' => ['iso-8859-6' => '160', 'cp437' => '128'],
174 'cp737' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
175 'cp869' => ['cp437' => '128'],
176 'cp862' => ['cp437' => '128-159'],
177 'cp864' => ['MacArabic' => '128', 'iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'], #TODO: compare form variants
179 'koi8-u' => ['koi8-r' => '144-191'],
180 'koi8-f' => ['koi8-u' => '144-191'],
182 'MacRomanian' => ['MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
183 'MacRumanian' => ['MacRomanian' => '160-191+208-223', 'MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
184 'MacCroatian' => ['MacRoman' => '160'],
185 'MacCentralEurRoman' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
186 'MacIcelandic'=> ['MacRoman' => '160-175+208-239'], #TODO: gaps at C/E
187 'MacTurkish' => ['MacRoman' => '208-223'], # F5 is unassigned
188 'MacSami' => ['MacIcelandic' => '144', 'MacRoman' => '144'],
189 'MacGreek' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
190 'MacCyrillic' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
191 'MacHebrew' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128-143+160'], # partial ascii
192 'MacArabic' => ['iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp864' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128'], #TODO: multiple parents
193 'MacFarsi' => ['MacArabic' => '176-191', 'MacRoman' => '128'],
195 'cp37' => ['posix-bc' => '0'],
196 'posix-bc' => ['cp1047' => '64'],
197 'cp500' => ['cp37' => '64-95+176-191'],
198 'cp1047' => ['cp37' => '16-95+160-191'], #TODO: gap at 3/4
199 'cp1026' => ['cp37' => '64'],
200 'cp875' => ['cp37' => '48'],
204 my @parents = @{ $INHERIT->{$input} || [] };
206 if (my ($parent, $part) = pairfirst { defined $visible->{$a} } @parents) {
207 $row{parent} = $parent;
209 $params = 128 unless $visible->{$parent}
210 or ($input eq 'MacCroatian' and defined $visible->{MacRomanian});
212 elsif (defined $visible->{ascii}) {
213 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
214 $params = $parents[1] // 128;
215 $params = 128 if $params >= 128; # ascii offset at most
218 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
219 $params = $parents[1] if $parents[1] == 0; # apply ascii end
221 $visible->{$_} //= 0 for $row{parent} || ();
224 if (length $params) {
225 # manual option to double table width
226 $row{cols} *= 2 if $params =~ s/[+]\z//;
229 if (length $params) {
232 (?: (?: [-] (?<stop> \d+) )? (?: [+] (?<restart> \d+) ) )?
233 (?: [-] (?<endpoint> \d+) )? \z
235 "Unknown range parameters for $input",
236 "<q>$params</q> is not in format start(-stop)(+restart(-end))",
239 $row{offset} = $+{offset};
240 $row{endpoint} = $+{endpoint} if $+{endpoint};
241 if (my $restart = $+{restart}) {
242 my $skip = int(($+{stop} || $row{offset}) / $row{cols});
243 for ($skip + 1 .. ($restart / $row{cols}) - 1) {
244 $row{skip}->{ $_ * $row{cols} - $row{offset} }++;
249 if ($input =~ /^U([0-9a-fA-F]+)(?:-([0-9a-fA-F]+))?/) {
250 my $start = hex($1) << ($2 ? 4 : 8);
251 my $end = $2 ? (hex($2) << 4) + $row{cols} - 1 : $start + 255;
252 $row{table} = join '', map { chr } $start .. $end;
253 utf8::upgrade($row{table}); # prevent latin1 output
254 $row{endpoint} = $end - $start;
255 $row{set} = sprintf 'Unicode block U+%02Xxx', $start >> 8;
256 $row{offset} = $start % 256;
258 elsif ($input eq 'U') {
259 $row{set} = 'Unicode planes';
260 $row{cell} = do 'charset-ucplanes.inc.pl'
261 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
262 $row{endpoint} = 1023 * $row{cell}->{colsize};
264 elsif ($row{set} = Encode::resolve_alias($input)) {
265 if ($row{set} eq 'Internal') {
266 $row{cell} = do 'charset-unicode.inc.pl'
267 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
269 $row{endpoint} ||= 8191;
270 $row{endpoint} *= $row{cell}->{colsize};
271 $row{startpoint} = $row{cell}->{colsize} * $row{offset};
273 $row{set} = 'Unicode ' . (
274 $row{startpoint} < 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x10000 ? 'BMP' :
275 $row{startpoint} >= 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x20000 ? 'SMP' :
279 elsif ($row{set} eq 'utf-8-strict') {
281 $row{cell} = do 'charset-utf8.inc.pl'
282 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
283 $row{endpoint} = 255;
286 $row{endpoint} ||= 255;
287 if ($row{set} eq 'MacHebrew' or $row{set} eq 'MacThai') {
288 # array of possibly multiple characters per code point
290 map { Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $_) } $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint}
294 # ~16x faster than decoding in loop;
295 # substr strings is twice as fast as splitting to an array
296 $row{table} = Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint});
298 $row{endpoint} -= $row{offset};
300 if ($row{set} eq 'cp437' and !$row{offset}) {
301 substr($row{table}, 237, 1) = pack 'U*', 0x3D5; # phi sign
302 substr($row{table}, 0, 32) = pack 'U*', map {hex} qw(
303 2007 263A 263B 2665 2666 2663 2660 2022
304 25D8 25CB 25D9 2642 2640 266A 266B 263C
305 25BA 25C4 2195 203C 00B6 00A7 25AC 21A8
306 2191 2193 2192 2190 221F 2194 25B2 25BC
310 $visible->{ascii} = # assume common base
311 $visible->{ $row{set} } = 1;
315 Alert("Encoding <q>$input</q> unknown");
318 push @request, \%row;
320 tabinput($_) for @tablist;
322 my $NOCHAR = chr 0xFFFD;
325 my ($info, $offset) = @_;
326 my $table = $info->{cell} or return;
327 my $def = $table->{$offset} or return;
328 my ($len, $class, $name, $title) = @{$def};
330 my $cols = $info->{cols};
331 my $colsize = $table->{colsize} || 1;
334 $name //= $len <= 2 ? 'res' : 'reserved';
336 if (my $part = $offset/$colsize % $cols) {
338 my $rest = $cols - $part; # remaining
339 $rest = $len if $len < $rest; #TODO: optimise
341 # continued on new row
342 my @next = ($len * $colsize, "$class joinu");
345 push @next, $name, $title;
350 # minority on next row
351 push @next, '"', $title || $name;
353 $table->{$offset + $colsize*$rest} //= \@next;
358 elsif (my $rows = int($len / $cols)) {
360 my $rowsize = $colsize * $cols;
361 if ($len -= $rows * $cols) {
362 # partial row remains
363 $table->{$offset + $rowsize * $rows} //= [$len*$colsize, "$class joinu", '', $title];
367 # coalesce multiple rows
369 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize}++;
373 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize} = 0;
376 $attr .= sprintf ' rowspan=%d', $rows;
380 $attr .= sprintf ' colspan=%d', $len unless $len == 1;
381 $attr .= $1 if $class and $class =~ s/( \w+="[^"]*")//;
382 $attr .= sprintf ' class="%s"', $class if $class;
383 $attr .= sprintf ' title="%s"', EscapeHTML($title) if $title;
384 return "<td$attr>$name";
387 for my $row (@request) {
388 my $cols = $row->{cols};
389 my $colsize = $row->{cell} && $row->{cell}->{colsize} || 1;
390 my $coldigits = ceil(log($colsize * $cols) / log(16)); # uniform length of hexadecimal header
391 my $rowdiv = 16 ** $coldigits; # row divide for column digits
392 $rowdiv = 1 if $rowdiv != $cols * $colsize; # divide only if all columns are matched
393 my $offset = $row->{startpoint} || 0;
395 printf '<div class="section"><table class="glyphs%s">', !$row->{cell} && ' charmap';
396 my $title = $row->{set};
397 $title .= " <aside>(over $_)</aside>"
398 for grep { $_ ne 'iso-8859-1' } $row->{parent} // ();
399 printf '<caption>%s</caption>', $title;
400 print '<col>' x ($cols + 1);
401 for my $section (qw{thead}) {
402 print "<$section><tr><th>", $rowdiv == 1 ? '+' : '↱';
403 printf '<th>%0*X', $coldigits, $_ * $colsize for 0 .. $cols - 1;
407 while ($offset < $row->{endpoint}) {
408 if ($row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
409 $offset += $cols * $colsize;
414 if (defined $row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
418 if (my $rowmod = $offset % $rowdiv) {
419 # offset in column units
420 printf '<small>+%X</small>', $rowmod;
424 printf '%X', ($offset + $row->{offset}) / $rowdiv;
429 print range_cell($row, $offset);
433 my $glyph = ref $row->{table} eq 'ARRAY' ? $row->{table}->[$offset] :
434 substr $row->{table}, $offset, 1;
435 if ($glyph eq $NOCHAR) {
440 if (exists $get{compare}) {
442 my $cp = $offset + $row->{offset};
443 printf '<td class="%s" title="%3$s">%2$s',
444 $cp == ord $glyph ? 'l4' :
445 $row->{parent} && $glyph eq
446 Encode::decode($row->{parent}, pack 'C', $cp) ? 'l3' :
447 $visible->{$glyph} ? 'l2' :
449 $glyphs->glyph_html($glyph);
450 $visible->{$glyph}++;
454 print "\n".$glyphs->glyph_cell($glyph);
461 say '</table></div>';
468 <table class="glyphs"><tr><: if (exists $get{compare}) { :>
469 <td class="X l4">unicode
470 <td class="X l3">inherited
471 <td class="X l2">existing
472 <td class="X l1">original
473 <td class="">unassigned
475 <td class="X Cc">control
476 <td class="X Zs"><span>whitespace</span>
477 <td class="X Mn">diacritic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
478 <td class="X Sk">letter
480 <td class="X Po">punctuation<table class="glyphs"><tr>
481 <td class="X Pf">quote
483 <td class="X So">symbol<table class="glyphs"><tr>
484 <td class="X Sm">math
485 <td class="X Sc">currency
487 <td class="X No">numeric
488 <td class="X Greek">greek<table class="glyphs"><tr>
489 <td class="X Latin">latin
490 <td class="X Cyrillic">cyrillic
492 <td class="X Aramaic">aramaic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
493 <td class="X Brahmic">brahmic
494 <td class="X Arabic">arabic
496 <td class="X Syllabic">syllabic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
497 <td class="X African">african
498 <td class="X Hiragana">japanese
499 <td class="X Han">cjk
500 <td class="X Bopomofo">chinese
502 <td class="X Alpha">alphabetic
505 <table class="glyphs"><tr>
506 <td class="X">unicode 7.0
507 <td class="X Xr">proposed
508 <td class="X Xd">deprecated
509 <td class="">unassigned
510 <td class="X Xi">invalid