4 title => 'charset cheat sheet',
7 "Reference sheet with all glyphs in common character encoding tables,",
8 "and an overview of Unicode ranges and UTF-8 bytes.",
11 charset codepage unicode ascii utf8 latin glyph character encoding
12 reference common overview table
14 stylesheet => [qw'light'],
15 data => [qw'charset-unicode.inc.pl charset-utf8.inc.pl'],
18 my @tablist = split m{/+}, $Request || 'default';
20 use List::Util qw( first pairmap pairfirst pairs );
23 <h1>Character encodings</h1>
27 if ($tablist[0] eq 'default') {
28 say "Overview of Unicode allocation and common latin code pages.";
29 say "Compare alternate charsets:";
32 say "Charset comparison:";
36 my ($title, $href, $selected) = @_;
38 $selected ? '<strong>%s</strong>' : '<a href="%2$s">%s</a>',
39 EscapeHTML($title), $href
45 join " ·\n", pairmap {
46 optionlink($b || ucfirst $a, "/charset/$a?compare", $a eq $Request);
58 norteur => 'North European',
71 use Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar;
72 my $glyphs = Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar->new;
76 # generate character table(s)
77 my $input = shift or return;
80 default => [qw( unicode+0-639 utf-8+realsize iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 cp437 cp850 )],
81 uc => [qw( U+cols=32 unicode+0-4095 unicode+4096-6319 unicode+6320-8191 )],
82 us => [qw( cp437 cp863 gsm0338 AdobeStandardEncoding )],
83 ebcdic => [qw( cp37 cp500 cp1047 posix-bc cp1026 cp875 )],
84 iso => [map {"iso-8859-$_"} 1 .. 11, 13 .. 16],
85 dos => [qw( cp437 cp865 cp861 cp860 cp863 cp850 cp857 cp852 cp775
86 cp737 cp869 cp866 cp855 cp862 cp864 )],
87 aix => [qw( cp1006 )],
88 win => [qw( cp1252 cp1250 cp1254 cp1257 cp1258 cp1253 cp1251 cp1255 cp1256 cp874 )],
89 mac => [qw( MacRoman MacRomanian MacRumanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman MacTurkish MacIcelandic MacSami
90 MacGreek MacCyrillic MacHebrew MacArabic MacFarsi MacThai )],
93 westeur => [qw( iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 iso-8859-14 cp850 hp-roman8 nextstep MacRoman )],
94 centeur => [qw( iso-8859-2 iso-8859-16 cp1250 cp852 MacRomanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman )], # MacRumanian only for DB
95 turkish => [qw( iso-8859-9 iso-8859-3 cp1254 cp857 MacTurkish )],
96 norteur => [qw( baltic nordic )],
97 baltic => [qw( iso-8859-4 iso-8859-13 cp1257 cp775 )],
98 nordic => [qw( iso-8859-10 cp865 cp861 MacIcelandic MacSami )],
99 cyrillic => [qw( koi8-r koi8-u koi8-f iso-8859-5 cp1251 MacCyrillic cp866 cp855
100 U4 U2DE-2DF UA64-A69 U50-52 )], # MacUkrainian is broken
101 arabic => [qw( iso-8859-6 cp1256 MacArabic cp864 cp1006 MacFarsi
102 U6 U8A-8F+0-31+64 U75-77 )],
103 greek => [qw( iso-8859-7 cp1253 MacGreek cp737 cp869 U37-3F U1F )],
104 hebrew => [qw( iso-8859-8 cp1255 MacHebrew cp862 U59-5F )],
105 thai => [qw( iso-8859-11 cp874 MacThai )],
106 vietnamese => [qw( viscii cp1258 MacVietnamese )],
107 symbol => [qw( symbol dingbats MacDingbats AdobeZdingbat AdobeSymbol )],
122 if (my $follow = $ALIAS->{$input}) {
123 tabinput($_) for ref $follow ? @{$follow} : $follow;
127 state $visible = {}; # all present tables
128 my %row = (offset => 0, cols => 16);
129 my $params = $input =~ s/[+](.*)\z// ? $1 : undef;
131 if (not defined $params) {
133 'cp437' => ['cp850' => 0, 'ascii' => '0-31+128'], # ascii range overridden later
134 'gsm0338' => ['ascii' => '0-127'],
136 'iso-8859-2' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
137 'iso-8859-3' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'], #TODO: also apply to iso-8859-9
138 'iso-8859-4' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
139 'iso-8859-5' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
140 'iso-8859-6' => ['cp1256' => '128', 'iso-8859-1' => '160'],
141 'iso-8859-7' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
142 'iso-8859-8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
143 'iso-8859-9' => ['iso-8859-1' => '208-223+240'],
144 'iso-8859-10' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
145 'iso-8859-11' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
146 'iso-8859-13' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
147 'iso-8859-14' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
148 'iso-8859-15' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160-191'],
149 'iso-8859-16' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
150 'hp-roman8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
152 'cp1252' => ['iso-8859-1' => '128-159'],
153 'cp1250' => ['iso-8859-2' => '128-191', 'cp1252' => '128'],
154 'cp1254' => ['iso-8859-9' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128-159+208'],
155 'cp874' => ['iso-8859-11' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128'], # windows-874 actually cp1162
156 'cp1257' => ['iso-8859-13' => '128-159+255', 'cp1252' => '128'],
157 'cp1251' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
158 'cp1253' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
159 'cp1255' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128-223', 'cp1252' => '128'],
160 'cp1256' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
161 'cp1258' => ['cp1252' => '128-159+192'],
163 'cp850' => ['cp437' => '144'],
164 'cp860' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
165 'cp861' => ['cp865' => '128-175'],
166 'cp863' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
167 'cp865' => ['cp437' => '144-175'],
168 'cp852' => ['cp850' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'],
169 'cp857' => ['cp850' => '128-175+208-239', 'cp437' => '128'],
170 'cp775' => ['cp850' => '128'], # partial cp437
171 'cp866' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
172 'cp855' => ['cp437' => '128'],
173 'cp1006' => ['iso-8859-6' => '160', 'cp437' => '128'],
174 'cp737' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
175 'cp869' => ['cp437' => '128'],
176 'cp862' => ['cp437' => '128-159'],
177 'cp864' => ['MacArabic' => '128', 'iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'], #TODO: compare form variants
179 'koi8-u' => ['koi8-r' => '144-191'],
180 'koi8-f' => ['koi8-u' => '144-191'],
182 'MacRomanian' => ['MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
183 'MacRumanian' => ['MacRomanian' => '160-191+208-223', 'MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
184 'MacCroatian' => ['MacRoman' => '160'],
185 'MacCentralEurRoman' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
186 'MacIcelandic'=> ['MacRoman' => '160-175+208-239'],
187 'MacTurkish' => ['MacRoman' => '208-223'], # F5 is unassigned
188 'MacSami' => ['MacIcelandic' => '144-191+208-223+240', 'MacRoman' => '144'],
189 'MacGreek' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
190 'MacCyrillic' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
191 'MacHebrew' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128-143+160'], # partial ascii
192 'MacArabic' => ['iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp864' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128'], #TODO: multiple parents
193 'MacFarsi' => ['MacArabic' => '176-191', 'MacRoman' => '128'],
195 'cp37' => ['posix-bc' => '0'],
196 'posix-bc' => ['cp1047' => '64'],
197 'cp500' => ['cp37' => '64-95+176-191'],
198 'cp1047' => ['cp37' => '16-47+80-95+160-191'],
199 'cp1026' => ['cp37' => '64'],
200 'cp875' => ['cp37' => '48'],
204 my @parents = @{ $INHERIT->{$input} || [] };
206 if (my ($parent, $part) = pairfirst { defined $visible->{$a} } @parents) {
207 $row{parent} = $parent;
209 $params = 128 unless $visible->{$parent}
210 or ($input eq 'MacCroatian' and defined $visible->{MacRomanian});
212 elsif (defined $visible->{ascii}) {
213 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
214 $params = $parents[1] // 128;
215 $params = 128 if $params >= 128; # ascii offset at most
218 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
219 $params = $parents[1] if $parents[1] == 0; # apply ascii end
221 $visible->{$_} //= 0 for $row{parent} || ();
224 for my $param (split /[+]+/, $params // '') {
225 if ($param eq 'realsize') {
228 elsif ($param =~ m{ \A cols = (\d+) \z }x) {
231 elsif ($param =~ m{ \A (?<offset> \d+) (?: [-] (?<endpoint> \d+) )? \z }x) {
232 if (defined $row{endpoint}) {
233 # extend earlier range
234 my $skip = int(($row{endpoint} || $row{offset}) / $row{cols});
235 for ($skip + 1 .. ($+{offset} / $row{cols}) - 1) {
236 $row{skip}->{ $_ * $row{cols} - $row{offset} }++;
240 $row{offset} = $+{offset};
242 $row{endpoint} = $+{endpoint} || 0;
245 Alert("Unknown option <q>$param</q> for charset $input");
249 if ($input =~ /^U([0-9a-fA-F]+)(?:-([0-9a-fA-F]+))?/) {
250 my $start = hex($1) << ($2 ? 4 : 8);
251 my $end = $2 ? (hex($2) << 4) + $row{cols} - 1 : $start + 255;
252 $row{table} = join '', map { chr } $start .. $end;
253 utf8::upgrade($row{table}); # prevent latin1 output
254 $row{endpoint} = $end - $start;
255 $row{set} = sprintf 'Unicode block U+%02Xxx', $start >> 8;
256 $row{offset} = $start % 256;
258 elsif ($input eq 'U') {
259 $row{set} = 'Unicode planes';
260 $row{cell} = do 'charset-ucplanes.inc.pl'
261 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
262 $row{endpoint} = 1023 * $row{cell}->{colsize};
264 elsif ($row{set} = Encode::resolve_alias($input)) {
265 if ($row{set} eq 'Internal') {
266 $row{cell} = do 'charset-unicode.inc.pl'
267 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
269 $row{endpoint} ||= 8191;
270 $row{endpoint} *= $row{cell}->{colsize};
271 $row{startpoint} = $row{cell}->{colsize} * $row{offset};
273 $row{set} = 'Unicode ' . (
274 $row{startpoint} < 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x10000 ? 'BMP' :
275 $row{startpoint} >= 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x20000 ? 'SMP' :
279 elsif ($row{set} eq 'utf-8-strict') {
281 $row{cell} = do 'charset-utf8.inc.pl'
282 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
283 $row{endpoint} = 255;
286 $row{endpoint} ||= 255;
287 if ($row{set} eq 'MacHebrew' or $row{set} eq 'MacThai') {
288 # array of possibly multiple characters per code point
290 map { Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $_) } $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint}
294 # ~16x faster than decoding in loop;
295 # substr strings is twice as fast as splitting to an array
296 $row{table} = Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint});
298 $row{endpoint} -= $row{offset};
300 if ($row{set} eq 'cp437' and !$row{offset}) {
301 substr($row{table}, 237, 1) = pack 'U*', 0x3D5; # phi sign
302 substr($row{table}, 0, 32) = pack 'U*', map {hex} qw(
303 2007 263A 263B 2665 2666 2663 2660 2022
304 25D8 25CB 25D9 2642 2640 266A 266B 263C
305 25BA 25C4 2195 203C 00B6 00A7 25AC 21A8
306 2191 2193 2192 2190 221F 2194 25B2 25BC
310 $visible->{ascii} = # assume common base
311 $visible->{ $row{set} } = 1;
315 Alert("Encoding <q>$input</q> unknown");
318 push @request, \%row;
320 tabinput($_) for @tablist;
322 my $NOCHAR = chr 0xFFFD;
325 my ($info, $offset) = @_;
326 my $table = $info->{cell} or return;
327 my $def = $table->{$offset} or return;
328 my ($len, $class, $name, $title) = @{$def};
330 my $cols = $info->{cols};
331 my $colsize = $table->{colsize} || 1;
334 $name //= $len <= 2 ? 'res' : 'reserved';
336 if (my $part = $offset/$colsize % $cols) {
338 my $rest = $cols - $part; # remaining
339 $rest = $len if $len < $rest; #TODO: optimise
341 # continued on new row
342 my @next = ($len * $colsize, "$class joinu");
345 push @next, $name, $title;
350 # minority on next row
351 push @next, '"', $title || $name;
353 $table->{$offset + $colsize*$rest} //= \@next;
358 elsif (my $rows = int($len / $cols)) {
360 my $rowsize = $colsize * $cols;
361 if ($len -= $rows * $cols) {
362 # partial row remains
363 $table->{$offset + $rowsize * $rows} //= [$len*$colsize, "$class joinu", '', $title];
367 unless ($info->{realsize}) {
368 # coalesce multiple rows
370 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize}++;
374 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize} = 0;
378 $attr .= sprintf ' rowspan=%d', $rows;
382 $attr .= sprintf ' colspan=%d', $len unless $len == 1;
383 $attr .= $1 if $class and $class =~ s/( \w+="[^"]*")//;
384 $attr .= sprintf ' class="%s"', $class if $class;
385 $attr .= sprintf ' title="%s"', EscapeHTML($title) if $title;
386 return "<td$attr>$name";
389 for my $row (@request) {
390 my $cols = $row->{cols};
391 my $colsize = $row->{cell} && $row->{cell}->{colsize} || 1;
392 my $coldigits = ceil(log($colsize * $cols) / log(16)); # uniform length of hexadecimal header
393 my $rowdiv = 16 ** $coldigits; # row divide for column digits
394 $rowdiv = 1 if $rowdiv != $cols * $colsize; # divide only if all columns are matched
395 my $offset = $row->{startpoint} || 0;
397 printf '<div class="section"><table class="glyphs%s">', !$row->{cell} && ' charmap';
398 my $title = $row->{set};
399 $title .= " <aside>(over $_)</aside>"
400 for grep { $_ ne 'iso-8859-1' } $row->{parent} // ();
401 printf '<caption>%s</caption>', $title;
402 print '<col>' x ($cols + 1);
403 for my $section (qw{thead}) {
404 print "<$section><tr><th>", $rowdiv == 1 ? '+' : '↱';
405 printf '<th>%0*X', $coldigits, $_ * $colsize for 0 .. $cols - 1;
409 while ($offset < $row->{endpoint}) {
410 if ($row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
411 $offset += $cols * $colsize;
416 if (defined $row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
420 if (my $rowmod = $offset % $rowdiv) {
421 # offset in column units
422 printf '<small>+%X</small>', $rowmod;
426 printf '%X', ($offset + $row->{offset}) / $rowdiv;
431 print range_cell($row, $offset);
435 my $glyph = ref $row->{table} eq 'ARRAY' ? $row->{table}->[$offset] :
436 substr $row->{table}, $offset, 1;
437 if ($glyph eq $NOCHAR) {
442 if (exists $get{compare}) {
444 my $cp = $offset + $row->{offset};
445 printf '<td class="%s" title="%3$s">%2$s',
446 $cp == ord $glyph ? 'l4' :
447 $row->{parent} && $glyph eq
448 Encode::decode($row->{parent}, pack 'C', $cp) ? 'l3' :
449 $visible->{$glyph} ? 'l2' :
451 $glyphs->glyph_html($glyph);
452 $visible->{$glyph}++;
456 print "\n".$glyphs->glyph_cell($glyph);
463 say '</table></div>';
470 <table class="glyphs"><tr><: if (exists $get{compare}) { :>
471 <td class="X l4">unicode
472 <td class="X l3">inherited
473 <td class="X l2">existing
474 <td class="X l1">original
475 <td class="">unassigned
477 <td class="X Cc">control
478 <td class="X Zs"><span>whitespace</span>
479 <td class="X Mn">diacritic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
480 <td class="X Sk">letter
482 <td class="X Po">punctuation<table class="glyphs"><tr>
483 <td class="X Pf">quote
485 <td class="X So">symbol<table class="glyphs"><tr>
486 <td class="X Sm">math
487 <td class="X Sc">currency
489 <td class="X No">numeric
490 <td class="X Greek">greek<table class="glyphs"><tr>
491 <td class="X Latin">latin
492 <td class="X Cyrillic">cyrillic
494 <td class="X Aramaic">aramaic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
495 <td class="X Brahmic">brahmic
496 <td class="X Arabic">arabic
498 <td class="X Syllabic">syllabic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
499 <td class="X African">african
500 <td class="X Hiragana">japanese
501 <td class="X Han">cjk
502 <td class="X Bopomofo">chinese
504 <td class="X Alpha">alphabetic
507 <table class="glyphs"><tr>
508 <td class="X">unicode 7.0
509 <td class="X Xr">proposed
510 <td class="X Xd">deprecated
511 <td class="">unassigned
512 <td class="X Xi">invalid