4 title => 'charset cheat sheet',
7 "Reference sheet with all glyphs in common character encoding tables,",
8 "and an overview of Unicode ranges and UTF-8 bytes.",
11 charset codepage unicode ascii utf8 latin glyph character encoding
12 reference common overview table
14 stylesheet => [qw'light'],
15 data => [qw'charset-unicode.inc.pl charset-utf8.inc.pl'],
18 my @tablist = split m{/+}, $Request || 'default';
20 use List::Util qw( first pairmap pairfirst pairs );
23 <h1>Character encodings</h1>
27 if ($tablist[0] eq 'default') {
28 say "Overview of Unicode allocation and common latin code pages.";
29 say "Compare alternate charsets:";
32 say "Charset comparison:";
36 my ($title, $href, $selected) = @_;
38 $selected ? '<strong>%s</strong>' : '<a href="%2$s">%s</a>',
39 EscapeHTML($title), $href
45 join " ·\n", pairmap {
46 optionlink($b || ucfirst $a, "/charset/$a?compare", $a eq $Request);
58 norteur => 'North European',
71 use Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar;
72 my $glyphs = Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar->new;
76 # generate character table(s)
77 my $input = shift or return;
80 default => [qw( unicode+0-639 utf-8 iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 cp437 cp850 )],
81 uc => [qw( U+cols=32 unicode+0-4095 unicode+4096-6319 unicode+6320-8191 )],
82 us => [qw( cp437 cp863 gsm0338 AdobeStandardEncoding )],
83 ebcdic => [qw( cp37 cp500 cp1047 posix-bc cp1026 cp875 )],
84 iso => [map {"iso-8859-$_"} 1 .. 11, 13 .. 16],
85 dos => [qw( cp437 cp865 cp861 cp860 cp863 cp850 cp857 cp852 cp775
86 cp737 cp869 cp866 cp855 cp862 cp864 )],
87 aix => [qw( cp1006 )],
88 win => [qw( cp1252 cp1250 cp1254 cp1257 cp1258 cp1253 cp1251 cp1255 cp1256 cp874 )],
89 mac => [qw( MacRoman MacRomanian MacRumanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman MacTurkish MacIcelandic MacSami
90 MacGreek MacCyrillic MacHebrew MacArabic MacFarsi MacThai )],
93 westeur => [qw( iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 iso-8859-14 cp850 hp-roman8 nextstep MacRoman )],
94 centeur => [qw( iso-8859-2 iso-8859-16 cp1250 cp852 MacRomanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman )], # MacRumanian only for DB
95 turkish => [qw( iso-8859-9 iso-8859-3 cp1254 cp857 MacTurkish )],
96 norteur => [qw( baltic nordic )],
97 baltic => [qw( iso-8859-4 iso-8859-13 cp1257 cp775 )],
98 nordic => [qw( iso-8859-10 cp865 cp861 MacIcelandic MacSami )],
99 cyrillic => [qw( koi8-r koi8-u koi8-f iso-8859-5 cp1251 MacCyrillic cp866 cp855
100 U4 U2DE-2DF UA64-A69 U50-52 )], # MacUkrainian is broken
101 arabic => [qw( iso-8859-6 cp1256 MacArabic cp864 cp1006 MacFarsi
102 U6 U8A-8F+0-31+64 U75-77 )],
103 greek => [qw( iso-8859-7 cp1253 MacGreek cp737 cp869 U37-3F U1F )],
104 hebrew => [qw( iso-8859-8 cp1255 MacHebrew cp862 U59-5F )],
105 thai => [qw( iso-8859-11 cp874 MacThai )],
106 vietnamese => [qw( viscii cp1258 MacVietnamese )],
107 symbol => [qw( symbol dingbats MacDingbats AdobeZdingbat AdobeSymbol )],
122 if (my $follow = $ALIAS->{$input}) {
123 tabinput($_) for ref $follow ? @{$follow} : $follow;
127 state $visible = {}; # all present tables
128 my %row = (offset => 0, cols => 16);
129 my $params = $input =~ s/[+](.*)\z// ? $1 : undef;
131 if (not defined $params) {
133 'cp437' => ['cp850' => 0, 'ascii' => '0-31+128'], # ascii range overridden later
134 'gsm0338' => ['ascii' => '0-127'],
136 'iso-8859-2' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
137 'iso-8859-3' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'], #TODO: also apply to iso-8859-9
138 'iso-8859-4' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
139 'iso-8859-5' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
140 'iso-8859-6' => ['cp1256' => '128', 'iso-8859-1' => '160'],
141 'iso-8859-7' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
142 'iso-8859-8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
143 'iso-8859-9' => ['iso-8859-1' => '208-223+240'],
144 'iso-8859-10' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
145 'iso-8859-11' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
146 'iso-8859-13' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
147 'iso-8859-14' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
148 'iso-8859-15' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160-191'],
149 'iso-8859-16' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
150 'hp-roman8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
152 'cp1252' => ['iso-8859-1' => '128-159'],
153 'cp1250' => ['iso-8859-2' => '128-191', 'cp1252' => '128'],
154 'cp1254' => ['iso-8859-9' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128-159+208'],
155 'cp874' => ['iso-8859-11' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128'], # windows-874 actually cp1162
156 'cp1257' => ['iso-8859-13' => '128-159+255', 'cp1252' => '128'],
157 'cp1251' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
158 'cp1253' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
159 'cp1255' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128-223', 'cp1252' => '128'],
160 'cp1256' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
161 'cp1258' => ['cp1252' => '128-159+192'],
163 'cp850' => ['cp437' => '144'],
164 'cp860' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
165 'cp861' => ['cp865' => '128-175'],
166 'cp863' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
167 'cp865' => ['cp437' => '144-175'],
168 'cp852' => ['cp850' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'],
169 'cp857' => ['cp850' => '128-175+208-239', 'cp437' => '128'],
170 'cp775' => ['cp850' => '128'], # partial cp437
171 'cp866' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
172 'cp855' => ['cp437' => '128'],
173 'cp1006' => ['iso-8859-6' => '160', 'cp437' => '128'],
174 'cp737' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
175 'cp869' => ['cp437' => '128'],
176 'cp862' => ['cp437' => '128-159'],
177 'cp864' => ['MacArabic' => '128', 'iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'], #TODO: compare form variants
179 'koi8-u' => ['koi8-r' => '144-191'],
180 'koi8-f' => ['koi8-u' => '144-191'],
182 'MacRomanian' => ['MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
183 'MacRumanian' => ['MacRomanian' => '160-191+208-223', 'MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
184 'MacCroatian' => ['MacRoman' => '160'],
185 'MacCentralEurRoman' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
186 'MacIcelandic'=> ['MacRoman' => '160-175+208-239'],
187 'MacTurkish' => ['MacRoman' => '208-223'], # F5 is unassigned
188 'MacSami' => ['MacIcelandic' => '144-191+208-223+240', 'MacRoman' => '144'],
189 'MacGreek' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
190 'MacCyrillic' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
191 'MacHebrew' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128-143+160'], # partial ascii
192 'MacArabic' => ['iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp864' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128'], #TODO: multiple parents
193 'MacFarsi' => ['MacArabic' => '176-191', 'MacRoman' => '128'],
195 'cp37' => ['posix-bc' => '0'],
196 'posix-bc' => ['cp1047' => '64'],
197 'cp500' => ['cp37' => '64-95+176-191'],
198 'cp1047' => ['cp37' => '16-47+80-95+160-191'],
199 'cp1026' => ['cp37' => '64'],
200 'cp875' => ['cp37' => '48'],
204 my @parents = @{ $INHERIT->{$input} || [] };
206 if (my ($parent, $part) = pairfirst { defined $visible->{$a} } @parents) {
207 $row{parent} = $parent;
209 $params = 128 unless $visible->{$parent}
210 or ($input eq 'MacCroatian' and defined $visible->{MacRomanian});
212 elsif (defined $visible->{ascii}) {
213 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
214 $params = $parents[1] // 128;
215 $params = 128 if $params >= 128; # ascii offset at most
218 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
219 $params = $parents[1] if $parents[1] == 0; # apply ascii end
221 $visible->{$_} //= 0 for $row{parent} || ();
224 for my $param (split /[+]+/, $params // '') {
225 if ($param =~ m{ \A cols = (\d+) \z }x) {
228 elsif ($param =~ m{ \A (?<offset> \d+) (?: [-] (?<endpoint> \d+) )? \z }x) {
230 my $skip = int(($row{endpoint} || $row{offset}) / $row{cols});
231 for ($skip + 1 .. ($+{offset} / $row{cols}) - 1) {
232 $row{skip}->{ $_ * $row{cols} - $row{offset} }++;
236 $row{offset} = $+{offset};
238 $row{endpoint} = $+{endpoint};
241 Alert("Unknown option <q>$param</q> for charset $input");
245 if ($input =~ /^U([0-9a-fA-F]+)(?:-([0-9a-fA-F]+))?/) {
246 my $start = hex($1) << ($2 ? 4 : 8);
247 my $end = $2 ? (hex($2) << 4) + $row{cols} - 1 : $start + 255;
248 $row{table} = join '', map { chr } $start .. $end;
249 utf8::upgrade($row{table}); # prevent latin1 output
250 $row{endpoint} = $end - $start;
251 $row{set} = sprintf 'Unicode block U+%02Xxx', $start >> 8;
252 $row{offset} = $start % 256;
254 elsif ($input eq 'U') {
255 $row{set} = 'Unicode planes';
256 $row{cell} = do 'charset-ucplanes.inc.pl'
257 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
258 $row{endpoint} = 1023 * $row{cell}->{colsize};
260 elsif ($row{set} = Encode::resolve_alias($input)) {
261 if ($row{set} eq 'Internal') {
262 $row{cell} = do 'charset-unicode.inc.pl'
263 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
265 $row{endpoint} ||= 8191;
266 $row{endpoint} *= $row{cell}->{colsize};
267 $row{startpoint} = $row{cell}->{colsize} * $row{offset};
269 $row{set} = 'Unicode ' . (
270 $row{startpoint} < 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x10000 ? 'BMP' :
271 $row{startpoint} >= 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x20000 ? 'SMP' :
275 elsif ($row{set} eq 'utf-8-strict') {
277 $row{cell} = do 'charset-utf8.inc.pl'
278 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
279 $row{endpoint} = 255;
282 $row{endpoint} ||= 255;
283 if ($row{set} eq 'MacHebrew' or $row{set} eq 'MacThai') {
284 # array of possibly multiple characters per code point
286 map { Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $_) } $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint}
290 # ~16x faster than decoding in loop;
291 # substr strings is twice as fast as splitting to an array
292 $row{table} = Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint});
294 $row{endpoint} -= $row{offset};
296 if ($row{set} eq 'cp437' and !$row{offset}) {
297 substr($row{table}, 237, 1) = pack 'U*', 0x3D5; # phi sign
298 substr($row{table}, 0, 32) = pack 'U*', map {hex} qw(
299 2007 263A 263B 2665 2666 2663 2660 2022
300 25D8 25CB 25D9 2642 2640 266A 266B 263C
301 25BA 25C4 2195 203C 00B6 00A7 25AC 21A8
302 2191 2193 2192 2190 221F 2194 25B2 25BC
306 $visible->{ascii} = # assume common base
307 $visible->{ $row{set} } = 1;
311 Alert("Encoding <q>$input</q> unknown");
314 push @request, \%row;
316 tabinput($_) for @tablist;
318 my $NOCHAR = chr 0xFFFD;
321 my ($info, $offset) = @_;
322 my $table = $info->{cell} or return;
323 my $def = $table->{$offset} or return;
324 my ($len, $class, $name, $title) = @{$def};
326 my $cols = $info->{cols};
327 my $colsize = $table->{colsize} || 1;
330 $name //= $len <= 2 ? 'res' : 'reserved';
332 if (my $part = $offset/$colsize % $cols) {
334 my $rest = $cols - $part; # remaining
335 $rest = $len if $len < $rest; #TODO: optimise
337 # continued on new row
338 my @next = ($len * $colsize, "$class joinu");
341 push @next, $name, $title;
346 # minority on next row
347 push @next, '"', $title || $name;
349 $table->{$offset + $colsize*$rest} //= \@next;
354 elsif (my $rows = int($len / $cols)) {
356 my $rowsize = $colsize * $cols;
357 if ($len -= $rows * $cols) {
358 # partial row remains
359 $table->{$offset + $rowsize * $rows} //= [$len*$colsize, "$class joinu", '', $title];
363 # coalesce multiple rows
365 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize}++;
369 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize} = 0;
372 $attr .= sprintf ' rowspan=%d', $rows;
376 $attr .= sprintf ' colspan=%d', $len unless $len == 1;
377 $attr .= $1 if $class and $class =~ s/( \w+="[^"]*")//;
378 $attr .= sprintf ' class="%s"', $class if $class;
379 $attr .= sprintf ' title="%s"', EscapeHTML($title) if $title;
380 return "<td$attr>$name";
383 for my $row (@request) {
384 my $cols = $row->{cols};
385 my $colsize = $row->{cell} && $row->{cell}->{colsize} || 1;
386 my $coldigits = ceil(log($colsize * $cols) / log(16)); # uniform length of hexadecimal header
387 my $rowdiv = 16 ** $coldigits; # row divide for column digits
388 $rowdiv = 1 if $rowdiv != $cols * $colsize; # divide only if all columns are matched
389 my $offset = $row->{startpoint} || 0;
391 printf '<div class="section"><table class="glyphs%s">', !$row->{cell} && ' charmap';
392 my $title = $row->{set};
393 $title .= " <aside>(over $_)</aside>"
394 for grep { $_ ne 'iso-8859-1' } $row->{parent} // ();
395 printf '<caption>%s</caption>', $title;
396 print '<col>' x ($cols + 1);
397 for my $section (qw{thead}) {
398 print "<$section><tr><th>", $rowdiv == 1 ? '+' : '↱';
399 printf '<th>%0*X', $coldigits, $_ * $colsize for 0 .. $cols - 1;
403 while ($offset < $row->{endpoint}) {
404 if ($row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
405 $offset += $cols * $colsize;
410 if (defined $row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
414 if (my $rowmod = $offset % $rowdiv) {
415 # offset in column units
416 printf '<small>+%X</small>', $rowmod;
420 printf '%X', ($offset + $row->{offset}) / $rowdiv;
425 print range_cell($row, $offset);
429 my $glyph = ref $row->{table} eq 'ARRAY' ? $row->{table}->[$offset] :
430 substr $row->{table}, $offset, 1;
431 if ($glyph eq $NOCHAR) {
436 if (exists $get{compare}) {
438 my $cp = $offset + $row->{offset};
439 printf '<td class="%s" title="%3$s">%2$s',
440 $cp == ord $glyph ? 'l4' :
441 $row->{parent} && $glyph eq
442 Encode::decode($row->{parent}, pack 'C', $cp) ? 'l3' :
443 $visible->{$glyph} ? 'l2' :
445 $glyphs->glyph_html($glyph);
446 $visible->{$glyph}++;
450 print "\n".$glyphs->glyph_cell($glyph);
457 say '</table></div>';
464 <table class="glyphs"><tr><: if (exists $get{compare}) { :>
465 <td class="X l4">unicode
466 <td class="X l3">inherited
467 <td class="X l2">existing
468 <td class="X l1">original
469 <td class="">unassigned
471 <td class="X Cc">control
472 <td class="X Zs"><span>whitespace</span>
473 <td class="X Mn">diacritic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
474 <td class="X Sk">letter
476 <td class="X Po">punctuation<table class="glyphs"><tr>
477 <td class="X Pf">quote
479 <td class="X So">symbol<table class="glyphs"><tr>
480 <td class="X Sm">math
481 <td class="X Sc">currency
483 <td class="X No">numeric
484 <td class="X Greek">greek<table class="glyphs"><tr>
485 <td class="X Latin">latin
486 <td class="X Cyrillic">cyrillic
488 <td class="X Aramaic">aramaic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
489 <td class="X Brahmic">brahmic
490 <td class="X Arabic">arabic
492 <td class="X Syllabic">syllabic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
493 <td class="X African">african
494 <td class="X Hiragana">japanese
495 <td class="X Han">cjk
496 <td class="X Bopomofo">chinese
498 <td class="X Alpha">alphabetic
501 <table class="glyphs"><tr>
502 <td class="X">unicode 7.0
503 <td class="X Xr">proposed
504 <td class="X Xd">deprecated
505 <td class="">unassigned
506 <td class="X Xi">invalid